Improving Clinical Reasoning, Reducing Diagnostic Errors

Do not allow students to download (Based on setting Open Learning)

Do not allow students to download (Based on setting Open Learning)

This is an excellent resource on a complete curriculum guide and content on patient safety. It is divided into 2 parts - the first part (Teacher's Guide) introduces patient safety concepts and principles and gives vital information on how best to teach patient safety.

The second part includes 11 patient safety topics, each with a variety of ideas where a learner of this course can further utilize should he or she choose to embark on a general teaching on patient safety (although this OCW is not primarily on patient safety, but an aspect that ultimately affects patient safety, namely cognitive errors that affect diagnostic decisions and therapeutic decisions).

The WHO patient safety curriculum guide (with downloadable free teaching slides, handouts, textbooks) is a comprehensive guide to learning about the various aspects of patient safety.  Lots of management tools are included in this curriculum, among which are:

• Deming’s PDSA Cycle for continuous quality improvement (CQI)
• Ishikawa's root cause analysis
• FMEA proactive approach in identifying potential errors
• James Reason Swiss cheese conceptual model for explaining active errors
• SPIKE in breaking bad news
• SEGUE framework for good communication
• ISBAR technique to refer/share case
• I-PASS-The-BATON Handover guideline
• Leadership in healthcare
• Resolving conflict using the 2-challenge rule, C-U-S and DESC script

The skills that you can learn from this optional curriculum such as communication technique models, organizational continuous quality improvement (e.g. Deming's PDSA cycle, the SEGUE framework, ISBAR technique to refer cases, etc) would be useful to help addressing issues you have identified from the WHO-ICPS framework.

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Do not allow students to download (Based on setting Open Learning)

Do not allow students to download (Based on setting Open Learning)

An excellent by Croskerry (2002) on the overview of clinical decision making models and a comprehensive summary of 30 cognitive biases. Citation: Croskerry P. Achieving quality in clinical decision making: cognitive strategies and detection of bias. Academic Emergency Medicine. 2002.

Croskerry P. Achieving quality in clinical decision making: cognitive strategies and detection of bias. Academic Emergency Medicine. 2002.

This is an excellent FREE journal article by Prof Patrick Croskerry. In it, succinct descriptions on 30 cognitive biases are listed.

Alternatively, you may also download this free article by going to the link in PubMed webpage: 

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12414468

Do not allow students to download (Based on setting Open Learning)

In this short article by Campbell et al, they classify cognitive errors into 7 categories. Their classification is adapted and used in this course as well. Citation: Campbell SG, Croskerry P, Bond WF. Profiles in patient safety: A "perfect storm" in the emergency department. Academic emergency medicine : official journal of the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine. 2007;14(8):743-9.

Do not allow students to download (Based on setting Open Learning)